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Thoracolumbar Compression Fractures

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Edited by Aditya Karhade and Brian Goh - 7/1/2021

Descriptors

Mechanism of injury, osteoporotic vs traumatic

If fracture involves the posterior vertebral cortex, then it is a burst fracture

Exam Pearls

Spine exam

If neuro deficit - classify with the ASIA scale

Long tract signs: Hoffman, clonus

Workup

Radiographs:
Upright XRs for clinic follow up (e.g. AP/lateral standing lumbar x-rays)

Other imaging:
Request MRI if any concern for new neurologic deficit on exam

Labs:
None (suggest endocrine consult and work-up for osteoporosis)

Other:
None

Management

Need for acute intervention:
None usually indicated; Can also refer to Interventional Radiology for consultation for kyphoplasty or vertebroplasty

Weight-bearing and range of motion:
No bending, twisting, or lifting > 10 pounds until follow-up in spine clinic

Type of immobilization:

Usually no orthosis indicated, but can provide TLSO for patient comfort (not necessary).

More info on orthoses at spine orthoses page

Admission or discharge status:
If isolated injury without neurologic deficit or instability, ED OBS status, PT, pain control, follow-up in spine clinic in 2-week

If isolated injury with neurologic deficit or instability, obtain further imaging, admit to ortho spine for decompression + fusion

If multisystem trauma, admit to trauma surgery (general surgery)

Anticoagulation:
None

Antibiotics:
None

Surgical Indications

Absolute:
Progressive neurologic deficit

Relative:
TLICS score > 4

TLICS calculator

Not an indication: Back pain